A COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXECUTION OPERATIONS IN ETHEREUM AND ETHEREUM ONTOLOGY: A LOCAL NETWORK EXPERIMENT

Abstract

This study presents EthOn, an ontology-driven framework designed to enhance the efficiency of the Ethereum blockchain. By integrating semantic ontologies into the Ethereum layer, EthOn enables context-aware reasoning, thereby improving smart contract execution and enhancing interoperability among decentralized applications (dApps). The framework was experimentally evaluated using Protégé, Web3.js, Ganache Network, and Apache Jena. The results indicate that the Ethereum network consumes between 204,345 and 4.365 million gas units per block under low-load conditions, and between 4.448 million and 11.872 million gas units under high-load conditions. In contrast, the EthOn model achieves lower gas consumption, ranging from 132,560 to 3.697 million gas units under low load, and from 3.2 million to 10.034 million gas units under high-load conditions. This reflects a significant and consistent reduction in gas consumption, ranging from 15% to over 30% across different transaction workloads, while maintaining a high level of accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, the framework preserves its efficiency under high-load conditions, demonstrating strong robustness and scalability. These findings highlight the promising potential of semantic technologies in advancing blockchain infrastructures, paving the way for more intelligent, efficient, and scalable decentralized systems.