Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

CLINICAL TYPES OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING MAKKAH EYE HOSPITAL, ADEN, YEMEN

Ibtihal Aidroos Zain Gaffer, Reem Alkhadher Saleh — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a dreadful vision disease mainly affecting older people and causing permanent blindness. To study the clinical profile, risk factors, types, comorbid diseases, and visual impairment in patients of age-related macular degeneration at Makkah Eyes Hospital in Aden, Yemen. This study designed as an observational, retrospective study. The study conducted at Makkah eye hospital in Aden. We reviewed all medical files of the patients who diagnosed with AMD and treated in the hospital during the period January to December 2022. The collected variables were sex, age, residence area, visual acuity, visual impairment, corrected VA, cataract, pseudophakia and AMD. The collected data were processed by the SPSS version 22 and statistical analysis was done by estimating rates, means and standard deviations. Chi-square test was used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The total study patients were 122 who attended the hospital and diagnosed with AMD and they were (55.74%) males and (44.26%) females. Their age ranged between 27 to 92 years with a mean age of 64.5 ± 10.9 years. The age group 61-70 years were predominant with (35.24%). Most patients were from urban areas (54.10%). Patients with dry AMD were predominant with (77.87%) and wet AMD (22.13%). Hypertension found in (32.79%) patients, diabetes mellitus in (18.03%) patients and cardiac problems only in (3.28%). The most common visual acuity groups were severe visual impairment (0.05-0.1) in both eyes with (35.24%) in the right eyes and (25.41%) in the left eyes. Unilateral cataract was found in (14.8%) and bilateral in (62.2%). In addition, unilateral pseudophakia, was in (13.9%) and in bilateral (13.1%). Males more affected than females and age is the major risk factor for development and progression of AMD. Dry AMD were predominant. Further studies are needed to determine the magnitude of the disease among the elderly population in our country.

LIOLOPHURA JAPONICA (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) AS POTENTIAL BIOINDICATOR OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN ADEN COASTS, YEMEN

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The coastal areas of Aden City hold ecological and economic importance for Yemen. However, they face increasing environmental pressures from various anthropogenic activities, leading to heavy metals contamination. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of using Polyplacophora (Liolophura japonica) as bioindicator for heavy metals contamination in two coasts of Aden City (Al-Hiswah and Amran). To determine heavy metals contamination, samples of L. japonica and adjacent sediments were collected (three replicates per site) from intertidal zone during low tides. The soft tissues of L. japonica and sediment samples were dried then digested according to standard methods. An Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of (iron, zinc, lead) in study samples. Metal concentrations in sediments were compared to US EPA Sediment Quality Guideline; iron and lead levels in sediments from both coasts were found to be within non-polluted levels, while zinc levels at Al-Hiswah coast indicated moderate pollution. When comparing metal concentrations in L. japonica to the permissible limits set by FDA and FAO, it was found that iron and lead levels exceeded the permissible limits, while zinc levels were below the permissible limit. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in iron concentrations in sediments between the two studied coasts while lead and zinc levels in sediments did not show significant differences. In contrast, significant differences in iron, zinc, and lead concentrations were observed in L. japonica between the two coasts. The results of BSAF indicate that L. japonica is a reliable bioindicator of lead pollution in the studied coasts.

MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO SAUCE ENRICHED WITH DIETARY FIBER TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND SENSORY QUALITY

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to manufacture and develop tomato sauce fortified with dietary fiber using wheat bran and flaxseed, in order to improve its nutritional value and sensory quality. The sauce was manufactured in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science and Technology in Yemen, where fiber was added in different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 2%), then chemical, sensory and microbial tests were conducted according to the approved standard methods. The results showed that the additives did not significantly affect the percentage of total solids, but the sample fortified by 0.5% flax seeds showed a significant difference in pH. The effect on color was minor at low percentages, but high percentages reduced organoleptic ratings while flavor was not affected at low ratios, while the addition of 2% flaxseed improved it. Wheat bran up to 2% did not affect the texture, while flaxseed above 0.5% affected it slightly. Wheat bran also did not negatively affect appearance, while flaxseed at 2% made minor changes. This study recommends that in order to balance health benefits and sensory quality, it is preferable to use wheat bran in moderation, and to use flaxseed to no more than 1% to maintain the appearance and attractive texture of the sauce.

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF BURNOUT AMONG NATIONAL HUMANITARIAN AID WORKERS, ADEN/YEMEN

Athmar S. Moqbel, Amal S. Basaddik — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Burnout is a global public health problem of great concern that can develop among all types of professions. It’s a significant psychosocial hazards outcome. This research aimed to identify the relation between workplace psychosocial hazards and burnout among national humanitarian aid workers in Aden governorate/Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June-August 2024 in 32 UN, International, National and Local organizations in Aden/Yemen. A convenience sample of 315 national humanitarian aid workers participated. A self-administrated questionnaire adapted from Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was distributed to collect data. Data were checked, and entered to SPSS-23 for analysis. The overall prevalence of burnout was 36.5%, prevalence of personal burnout constitutes 53.4%, work-related burnout 39.6% and 33.6% for beneficiaries-related burnout. According to the binary logistic regression, those who experienced high work-life conflict demonstrated significantly higher personal (AOR = 4.047; 95% CI: 2.247–7.290), work-related (AOR = 2.811; 95% CI: 1.520–5.198), and beneficiaries-related burnout (AOR = 2.455; 95% CI:1.365–4.413). Quantitative demands were associated with increased likelihood of personal (AOR = 2.120; 95% CI: 1.108-4.054) and work-related burnout (AOR = 2.087; 95% CI: 1.036–4.207). Low vertical trust heightened risks of personal burnout (AOR = 2.222; 95% CI: 1.108–4.457), and beneficiaries-related (AOR = 2.129; 95% CI: 1.155–3.928). Emotional demands increased personal (AOR = 2.622; 95% CI: 1.372–5.010) and work-related burnout (AOR = 2.513; 95% CI: 1.290–4.896). Job insecurity and role conflict elevated risk of work-related burnout (AOR = 2.078; 95% CI: 1.127–3.832), (AOR = 1.952; 95% CI: 1.041–3.661) respectively. Low organizational justice and low possibilities for development increased risk of work-related burnout (AOR = 2.173; 95% CI: 1.080-4.374), (AOR = 2.146; 95% CI: 1.104-4.172) respectively. Burnout is a major problem among national humanitarian aid workers in Aden-Yemen. Aid environment encompasses psychosocial hazards associated with burnout. These underscored the importance of reviewing organizations' policies regarding mental health, and providing psychological support for national aid workers.

PREVALENCE AND HEALTH CONSEQUANCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG EVER-MARRIED WOMEN ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN ADEN, YEMEN

Mounira A. Al-Montaser, Amal S. Basaddik — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Intimate Partner Violence is a public health issue that causes devastating consequences on women's physical, mental, and social well-being. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among ever-married and its consequences on women’s health. A facility-based cross-sectional design was conducted from July to September 2023, the study targeted ever-married women aged 18 to 49 who attended Primary Health Care centers in four randomly selected districts in Aden governorate. Intimate Partner Violence and its health consequences on women were assessed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Arabic-validated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) multi-country instrument on women’s health and domestic violence. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The study surveyed 404 ever-married women and reported that emotional violence was the most prevalent type, accounting for (67.1%) of participants, followed by physical violence (32.2%) and sexual violence (22.5%). The study found that women subjected to intimate partner physical violence faced significantly higher risks of various mental health problems, especially suicidal ideation (AOR=5.359), loss of self-esteem (AOR=4.220), and difficulty concentrating (AOR=3.107) while the least odd ratio is sadness (AOR= 2.660), along with physical symptoms like body aches, gastric pain, and high blood pressure (AOR=2.084), (AOR=1.689) and (AOR=1.944) respectively. While women exposed to intimate partner emotional violence faced significantly higher risks of mental health problems, with the highest risk being sadness (AOR=5.279), followed by loss of self-esteem (AOR = 4.694), sleeping difficulties (AOR=4.176), and difficulties concentrating (AOR=3.152), while the physical problems are gastric pain (AOR=4.922), general body aches (AOR=4.429) and elevated blood pressure (AOR=2.864). Moreover, the study found that women who experienced intimate partner sexual violence faced significantly increased risks of mental health, particularly suicidal ideations (AOR=5.046), sleeping difficulties (AOR=2.738), difficulties concentrating (AOR=2.145), and loss of self-esteem (AOR=2.040) along with physical problems which are elevated blood pressure (AOR=2.347), and general body ache (AOR = 2.174). In this study, the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence was alarmingly high, with emotional violence being the most prevalent type. The results indicate significant physical and mental health consequences, underscoring the need for immediate action. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and community organizations must collaboratively strengthen preventive measures, awareness campaigns, and support services.

BRUCELLOSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND GLOBAL PREVALENCE

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella, presents a significant public health concern globally, particularly in regions where animal husbandry is common. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of brucellosis, the different species of Brucella, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and a synthesis of previous studies on its prevalence. Brucellosis affects both animals and humans, leading to economic losses in livestock and chronic health issues in humans. The review highlights the global distribution of the disease, the various Brucella species that infect different hosts, and the clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods used for detection. The treatment strategies, including the use of antibiotics, and the challenges of managing brucellosis in endemic areas are also discussed. In addition, the review consolidates findings from previous studies, particularly focusing on the prevalence of brucellosis in different geographic regions, identifying key risk factors, and suggesting areas for further research and control measures.

HIGHER-ORDER CARTAN DERIVATIVES AND CURVATURE TENSOR DECOMPOSITION IN FINSLER SPACES: INSIGHTS INTO MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL APPLICATIONS

Adel Mohammed Ali Al-Qashbari, Fahmi Ahmed Mothana Al-ssallal — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper delves into the intricate structure of curvature tensors within the realm of Finsler geometry. By harnessing the power of higher-order Cartan derivatives, we introduce a novel decomposition scheme for curvature tensors. This innovative approach not only provides deeper insights into the geometric properties of Finsler spaces but also establishes a foundational framework for further investigations. Our findings reveal that the proposed decomposition is instrumental in unraveling the connections between curvature, torsion, and the underlying metric structure. Moreover, we demonstrate the applicability of our results to various subdomains of Finsler geometry, including Finsler information geometry and Finsler cosmology.