Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences

Front Cover

2026-04-08T18:08:55+00:00

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH – ARABIC TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA

2026-04-08T18:23:18+00:00

This study examines the application of Baker’s (2011) translation strategies in the English–Arabic translation of Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. The analysed document is Ba'labki's (1992) translation of Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea. By adopting a qualitative method, the research analyses selected segments from the source text and their Arabic translation to investigate how specific translation strategies are employed to convey meaning accurately and effectively. The analysis is conducted at the sentence and paragraph levels, allowing for a detailed comparison between the source text and the target text. The study focuses on eight strategies proposed by Baker: translation by a more general word, translation by a less expressive or neutral word, cultural substitution, loan word plus explanation, paraphrase using related words, paraphrase using unrelated words, omission, and illustration. The findings reveal that these strategies play a crucial role in addressing lexical, cultural, and stylistic challenges encountered in literary translation. The translator’s choices demonstrate a balance between preserving the original meaning and adapting it to suit the linguistic and cultural expectations of the Arabic readership. Overall, the study highlights the effectiveness of Baker’s strategies in enhancing clarity, readability, and communicative impact in novel translation, underscoring their significance in English–Arabic literary translation.

LINEAR PROGRAMMING WITH GOALSS

2026-04-08T18:33:55+00:00

The study aimed to give researchers an idea of goal_oriented programming, its practical importance, and its significance to other operations research. Goal programming is considered a subcategory of mathematical programming methods. This study addresses the concepts of goal programming, how to formulate single- goal and multi- goal problems, and how to prioritize goals, providing practical examples to clarify the concept for the reader. The study concluded that:

Goal-based programming helps the organization allocate resources in a way that achieves the best results for allocating limited resources across a number of competing activities, with the aim of increasing profits and reducing costs, thus enabling appropriate decision-making.

It is possible to use goal-based programming in the case of scarce resources. This scarcity represents the most important constraints that management is subject to in its pursuit of the goal, and these constraints are in the form of inequalities called structural constraints.

The existence of different alternatives to achieve the goal, where scientific methods exist for combining resources to reach the objective, and each alternative has an expected return.

Goal programming operates through one main objective and other sub-objectives or a set of different objectives. Therefore, the decision variables are not necessarily homogeneous, unlike linear programming, which operates through a single objective and requires homogeneous decision variables.

PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY OF ADEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2026-04-08T18:39:09+00:00

Learning difficulties pose significant barriers to academic success and professional development, particularly among dental students who must balance complex theoretical content with hands-on clinical training. In fragile and conflict-affected contexts such as Yemen, these challenges are intensified by systemic educational and infrastructural disruptions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, contributing factors, and educational consequences of learning difficulties among undergraduate dental students at University of Aden, and to generate context-specific recommendations to enhance student support. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 210 randomly selected dental students using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The survey addressed demographics, learning barriers, academic performance, and psychosocial well-being. Data were analyzed using suitable descriptive and inferential statistics. Over 85% of students reported recurrent learning difficulties, particularly with comprehension, memorization, and information overload. Significant associations were found between these difficulties and both lower academic performance and elevated psychological stress. Key predictors included poor laboratory infrastructure, limited faculty availability, and inadequate support services. Learning difficulties are highly prevalent among dental students at University of Aden and are compounded by conflict-driven educational barriers. Comprehensive interventions—ranging from infrastructure improvement to psychosocial support—are urgently needed to foster academic resilience and equity in Yemen’s dental education system.

THE IMPACT OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND POPULATION OFFICE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RESOURCES

2026-04-08T18:46:39+00:00

Study Title: The Impact of Electronic Management on Human Resources Development: A Field Study in the Office of the Ministry of Public Health and Population – Aden Governorate. This study aimed to analyze the impact of Electronic Management (E-Management) and its dimensions on Human Resources Development (HRD) within the Office of the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Aden Governorate. The dimensions of E-Management were identified as: (Electronic Planning, Electronic Organizing, Electronic Implementation, and Electronic Control). Meanwhile, the dimensions of Health Human Resources included: (Training, Motivation, Leadership, and Maintenance). To achieve the study's objectives and collect field data, a questionnaire was designed and validated by a panel of specialized professors. The study population consisted of health workers in the Ministry’s Aden office, with a random sample of 76 individuals selected. The study employed both descriptive and analytical methodologies, utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for data analysis. Key Findings:

There is a statistically significant impact of E-Management dimensions on the development of health human resources at a significance level of 5%. The results revealed a very high availability of E-Management dimensions; the relative weight for most items exceeded 85%, with a mean score higher than 4.25. Electronic Control ranked first in terms of availability, while Electronic Planning ranked last, despite its high overall level. Regarding the Human Resources Development axis, the results showed a moderate availability across all dimensions, with relative weights ranging between 57% and 71% and a mean score above 3.50. Training emerged as the most available dimension.
The study recommends that the Ministry: Strengthen the application of the Integrated Planning concept within the Ministry. Reduce routine bureaucratic procedures to facilitate the execution of transactions. Foster a flexible and precise organizational environment that supports E-Management. Enhance continuous and specialized training programs. Adopt incentive and reward systems aligned with employee efficiency and job descriptions.

JURISPRUDENTIAL INSIGHTS DERIVED FROM THE HADITH OF THE LABORER (A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENTIAL STUDY)

2026-04-08T18:57:58+00:00

This research aims to study and analyze the jurisprudential insights derived from the Hadith of the Laborer from a comparative jurisprudential perspective. This study employs an inductive, analytical, and comparative methodology by examining the opinions of jurists on the derived issues, clarifying the rulings that can be derived from them, and presenting and comparing these opinions. The nature of the study necessitated dividing the research into an introduction, a preliminary section, and two main sections. The first section is dedicated to the jurisprudential insights related to the punishment for adultery, and the second to the jurisprudential insights related to adjudication and proof. This study reached several conclusions, including: The most equitable opinion regarding the punishment for an unmarried adulterer is one hundred lashes and one year of exile for the man, but not for the woman. The punishment for a married adulterer is stoning to death. Adultery by one spouse does not affect the validity of the marriage contract. The punishment for adultery varies according to the circumstances of the adulterers. Those who are subject to the prescribed punishment cannot be redeemed. A confession of adultery does not extend beyond the individual who confessed. Confession four times is required to establish the punishment for adultery. If someone falsely accuses a specific person who is absent, the judge must summon the accused and inform him of his rights. The judge may rule based on the confessions of the disputing parties in his court without requiring witnesses. The judge has the right to delegate the implementation of God's prescribed punishments.

SHAHEEN'S TRANSLATION STRATEGIES AND ORIENTATIONS IN RENDERING ANTHROPOMORPHIC METAPHORS IN CONRAD'S NOVEL "HEART OF DARKNESS"

2026-04-08T19:06:45+00:00

The translation of metaphor in literary texts poses one of the most challenging areas in translation studies, as metaphors carry complex semantic, cultural and aesthetic dimensions. This study investigates the translation of anthropomorphic metaphors in the first chapter of Conard's novel "Heart of Darkness" (1996), by Harb Shaheen (2004). It predominantly focuses on Shaheen's translation strategies and orientations. Based on Ullmann's (1972) categorization of metaphor and Newmark's (1981) model of translation strategies, the study utilizes quantitative and qualitative approaches to identify the anthropomorphic metaphors in the source text and analyze the strategies and orientations employed in rendering them into Arabic. The findings indicate that Shaheen generally adopts all Newmark's strategies focusing on literal translation and metaphor preservation, which reflects a fidelity-oriented approach. However many instances of paraphrase, semantic adjustment, reshaping and deleting the metaphorical image indicate occasionally creative intervention. The study concludes that Shaheen's translation exhibits a generally fidelity-oriented tendency with many creative modifications to accommodate linguistic and cultural considerations.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MISREPRESENTATION BEFORE THE JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES - COMPARATIVE STUDY -

2026-04-08T19:13:06+00:00

Expertise is one of the most important necessary procedures that a criminal judge resorts to, especially in matters that he cannot decide on the subject of a criminal case, except with the help of those with technical or scientific expertise. And their diversity makes it difficult and important for the criminal judge to surround them all, which makes him in dire need of the expert’s opinion, and if the contemporary judicial trend is moving towards benefiting from the efforts of experts in all scientific fields related to judicial work, which is the positive aspect in it, but this does not negate The occurrence of professional abuses and errors as a result of their negligence or deliberateness in their opinions, although they are agents of the judicial authority and are assumed to be honest, credible and faithful in giving their sound opinions, not to be a reason to mislead criminal justice by giving false testimony or swearing a false oath, and despite the importance of experience Before the judicial authorities, however, the Iraqi legislator did not regulate the provisions of the criminal responsibility of the expert in some detail, and was satisfied with the stated general rules that deal with cases of criminal responsibility and its absence A in a very narrow range.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN YEMENI BANKS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE REALITY, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

2026-04-08T19:21:55+00:00

This study aimed to examine the current state of digital transformation in Yemeni banks, analyze the main technical and environmental challenges, and explore the opportunities that may enhance banking performance. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a simple random sample of 140 employees in the Yemeni banking sector. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and the reliability test indicated a high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.97. The results showed a high level of digital transformation, with an overall mean score of 4.25, reflecting reliance on electronic systems in daily banking operations. The findings also revealed several challenges with an overall mean score of 3.45, led by weak digital infrastructure, followed by poor internet quality. At the same time, promising opportunities were identified, with a mean score of 4.11, particularly the ability to reach wider customer segments. T-test results confirmed a statistically significant relationship at α ≤ 0.05 between adopting digital transformation technologies and improving banking service quality. The study recommends developing digital infrastructure, improving internet quality, and enhancing training programs for employees to support digital transformation implementation.

DAR ABJARD IN THE ISLAMIC PERIOD: A HISTORICAL AND CIVILIZATIONAL STUDY (ST–4TH AH / 7TH–10TH CE)

2026-04-08T19:28:58+00:00

Dar Abjard was one of the prominent Persian cities in the Islamic period, distinguished by its geographical, economic, and cultural characteristics that contributed to its prosperity and sustained regional significance. Its strategic location enhanced its role in commercial networks across the Islamic world, while the high quality of its agricultural and industrial products strengthened its economic standing and extended its reputation beyond its immediate region. This study aims to present a concise and comprehensive overview of Dar Abjard during the Islamic era by examining its geographical location based on Arabic and Persian sources, and by discussing its foundation, urban development, and name, while highlighting the differing historical accounts related to these aspects. The study also addresses the Islamic conquest of the city, emphasizing the divergence among Muslim historians regarding its date and nature, as well as the associated political and military developments. In addition, the study explores the city’s economic activities, including agriculture, industry, and trade, as key factors in its prosperity. It further sheds light on the intellectual and cultural life of Dar Abjard through selected examples of its scholars who contributed to the fields of Hadith, grammar, and Islamic sciences, reflecting the city’s notable scholarly and civilizational role in the Islamic period. Dar Abjard is considered one of the most important cities of the Persian region with the Islamic period, due to its strategic location, which made it easily accessible from various Islamic cities. Its high-quality products further enhanced its standing among its contemporaries. Through historical sources and relevant studies, this research examines the citys geographical location and traces its development across Islamic eras. The study also sheds light on the economic, social, religious, and political aspects of the city, while addressing the question of the extent to which the inhabitants of Dar Abjard embraced Islam. It further explores the administrative organization of the city during the Islamic period. The research concludes with an examination of selected scholars originating from Dar Abjard in the Islamic era.

AESTHETIC EDUCATION AND ITS ROLE IN REVIVING FOLKLORE AND STRENGTHENING ITS IDENTITY

2026-04-08T19:36:38+00:00

Aesthetic education is an essential tool for developing awareness of folklore and strengthening its identity. Aesthetic education is an educational process that aims to develop individuals' aesthetic sensibilities and enhance their ability to enjoy beauty and distinguish between what is beautiful and what is not by developing their aesthetic taste and artistic awareness, as well as developing creative artistic skills and various aesthetic values, encouraging creativity through interaction with folklore and teaching individuals how to use its elements in new and innovative artistic works that reveal the inherent beauty in its details, help highlight the traditional values and aesthetics associated with it, and reinforce the social values embodied in this folklore, thereby ensuring its continuity and development across generations. This research reviewed the contribution of aesthetic education to the revival of folklore and its pivotal role as a tool for its protection. Its results concluded that aesthetic education works to develop individuals' aesthetic taste by enhancing their ability to perceive and appreciate the aesthetic values inherent in various forms of folklore, and providing a practical context for understanding history, vocabulary and traditions. It also promotes communication between generations through interaction between individuals at folk events, transferring knowledge and skills related of folklore to new generations. In addition, it builds a bridge between heritage and modernity, as creators benefit from the techniques and aesthetic values of the past, and reinterpret them in ways that suit the current era, giving the heritage renewed vitality and ensuring its continuity and development across generations.

THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF WELL-BEING PERMA PROFILER: ARABIC PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

2026-04-08T19:43:10+00:00

This research aims to examine the validity and reliability of the PERMA Profiler as an Arabic language multidimensional measurement. The sample consists of 452 international Arabic-speaker students at some Turkish universities as well as the students at University of Aden, Yemen during February-July 2024. The quantitative method was applied and the results revealed that the Arabic version of PERMA is valid and reliable to be used specifically in the Arabic and international scientific research contexts in general. In confirmatory factor analysis, the first- and second-level models is acceptable and fit as well as the internal consistency reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.91 and the test-retest correlation coefficient is found to be 0.88 for the entire tool. In addition, the positive correlations between the PERMA Profiler, life satisfaction and subjective well-being factors indicate that the scale's criterion-related validity is acceptable.

THE DEGREE OF POSSESSION OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN RADFAN DISTRICTS

2026-04-08T20:06:28+00:00

This study aimed to assess the level of 21st-century skills possessed by secondary school mathematics teachers in the Radfan districts of Yemen. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. A 29-item questionnaire was administered to a sample of 40 teachers (30 males and 10 females). The results showed that the overall level of skill possession was high (with a mean score of 4.244). Creative thinking skills ranked the highest, while technology use skills ranked the lowest. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found based on gender or years of teaching experience. The study recommended providing training programs for mathematics teachers on 21st-century skills and equipping schools with the necessary technology and software.

POLLUTION WITH SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE IN HUTAT LAHJ CITY; A STUDY IN ENVIRONMENTAAL GEOGRAPHY

2026-04-08T20:16:23+00:00

Al-Houta city is the largest urban center in Lahj Governorate, and it produces large amounts of household solid waste. This waste has become one of the main sources of pollution in the city. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the problem of solid household waste in Al-Houta, focusing on its types, characteristics, and quantities. The research uses an inductiave and descriptive-analytical approach to examine available data. Studying household waste is important because it directly affects human health and environmental safety. People both generate this waste and suffer from its harmful effects. As a result of the importance of the problem, this study was conducted to identify its causes and influencing factors, and examine the negative effects and consequences resulting from it that impact public health and the environment. The findings highlight the absence of effective regulation, weak environmental awareness, and poor coordination among responsible authorities. The study recommends raising public awareness about environmental protection, strengthening oversight, and improving cooperation between environmental agencies. It also suggests investing in waste management by sorting, classifying, and recycling household waste through specialized companies.

THE PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN ADEN GOVERNORATE IN LIGHT OF THE TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH

2026-04-10T16:43:58+00:00

This study aimed to know the level of practice of leadership skills among high school principals in Aden Governorate in light of the total quality management approach. The study used a descriptive approach and a questionnaire was prepared to achieve the objective of the study. The study was applied to the entire population totaling 26 principals from all districts of Aden Governorate. The most important findings are as follows:

The level of leadership practice among high school principals is high, with a mean of 3.5 and a standard deviation of 0.563. The ranking of the domains is as follows: The strongest domains are: clarity of vision, customer satisfaction, and administrative organization. The moderate domains: continuous improvement; training and development. The weakest domain: self-assessment.

There are statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample regarding the variable of gender and they are in favor of females.
There are no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample in the variables of educational qualification and years of experience.

Recommendations of the study:

Training principals on applying the comprehensive self-assessment methods in accordance with national quality and accreditation standards, with an emphasis on the use of quantitative and qualitative data.
Enhancing the principals' use of objective information as the basis for all decisions.