Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — 2026-06-30

THE IMPACT OF POSITIVE LAWS ON THE FALL OF THE OTTOMAN STATE: A HISTORICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY

Bayan Abdulrahman Al-Othmani — 2026-06-30

The research problem centers on a fundamental question: What is the reality of the legal transformation that the Ottoman State underwent—from the implementation of Islamic Sharīʿah in its early stages to the adoption of positive laws in its later phases? What were the underlying causes that led some Ottoman sultans to embrace such legislation? And what impact did this transformation have on the weakening and eventual collapse of the Empire? The study aims to clarify the condition of the Ottoman State regarding its application of Islamic Sharīʿah in its formative stages, identify the most significant phases in which the sultans applied positive laws, examine the impact of these laws on the weakening and downfall of the State, and explore the position of Ottoman scholars vis-à-vis the legal and intellectual Westernization movement that affected the Empire. The study employs the historical descriptive-analytical methodology, given the nature of the topic, which necessitates tracing the historical phases of the Ottoman State, describing its legal reality, and analyzing the historical texts and documents related to the sultans' edicts and the regulations issued during their reigns. The study reached the following conclusions:

1. Governing in accordance with what Allah has revealed is among the fundamental prerequisites of faith, and one of the essential principles of Islam.

2. The imposition of positive laws upon Islamic lands did not originate within the Ottoman State; rather, the Tatars first imposed their own positive laws upon Muslims after toppling the Islamic Caliphate, and the Ottoman sultans subsequently followed suit in later periods.

3. The Ottoman State, in its initial phase, was founded upon the application of Islamic Sharīʿah, which constituted one of the principal factors behind its strength and continuity for nearly four centuries.

4. The year 1255 AH / 1839 CE represents the pivotal turning point in the State's trajectory, when it deviated from its Sharīʿah-based path and adopted laws imported from Western nations.

5. Multiple causes led the Ottoman sultans to embrace positive laws, foremost among which were: the desire to reform military institutions, the general reformation of state institutions, the aspiration to keep pace with the progress of foreign powers, and the external pressures exerted by European states upon the Empire.

6. The Ottoman State's adoption of positive laws occurred through successive stages, rather than in a single phase.

7. The marginalization of Islamic Sharīʿah and the implementation of positive laws had a manifest impact on the weakening and collapse of the Ottoman State; nevertheless, this constituted a secondary contributing factor, not a sole or principal cause.

VERSES OF AL-FATḤ IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

Saleh Ahmed Ubaid Alalawi — 2026-06-30

This study examines the term al-Fatḥ in the Holy Qur'an as one of the Qur'anic terms rich in meaning, since it is not confined to a single sense but varies according to Qur'anic context. The study aims to enumerate the meanings of al-Fatḥ in the Qur'an, survey the verses in which the term and its derivatives occur, and then classify them and set out the exegetes' statements concerning them. The study opens with an introduction establishing the merit of the subject, given its connection to the Holy Qur'an, and clarifies that its purpose is to trace the term al-Fatḥ throughout the Qur'an and then divide its meanings according to their differing senses. It also presents the structure of the study, comprising a preliminary section, two sections, and a conclusion that sets out the principal findings. In the preliminary section, the study treats the linguistic meaning of al-Fatḥ, showing that it originally denotes the removal of closure yet carries multiple meanings such as victory, governance, decree, sending, clarification, and others, according to context. The first section classifies the meanings of al-Fatḥ into seven: concrete opening, decree and governance, victory, sending, gradual entrapment (istidrāj), clarification and instruction, and fatḥ connected to historical events; each verse is interpreted on the authority of the books of exegesis. The second section sets out the link between each original meaning of al-Fatḥ and its contextual meaning in the books of exegesis, citing the exegetes' statements and showing that they are diverse yet broadly agree on these meanings. In the conclusion, the study finds that al-Fatḥ is broad in signification, that context is the basis for determining its meaning, and that the diversity of interpretation reflects the richness of the Qur'anic text. The study thus constitutes a useful analytical contribution to understanding the significations of Qur'anic terms.

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF AN OUTSIDE CLASSROOM CONVERSATION

Noor Hamed Ahmed Abdulla — 2026-06-30

This paper tries to explore whether there are power relations and social inequality through analyzing a conversation between a teacher and student outside the classroom. This study adopts qualitative research, utilizing the descriptive analytical method in which data are collected through recording and transcribing a conversation outside the classroom between a teacher at the first level and a student at the second level at Aden Community College (ACC). Fairclough's Model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used to analyze the discourse at three stages: text analysis, discursive analysis and social practice analysis. According to Fairclough, this model examines and explores how language, power and ideology play an effective role in producing and shaping the discourse. In this research, data analysis shows that the teacher's power dominates and controls the conversation although the student has some freedom to talk and express her own opinions.

THE IMPACT OF FAMILY INTERACTION ON ENHANCING CULTURAL IDENTITY AMONG UNIVERSITY YOUTH: A FIELD STUDY ON A (SAMPLE OF STUDENTS FROM THE FACULTY OF ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF ADEN)

Tamani Ali Seif — 2026-06-30

The study aimed to identify the impact of family interaction on enhancing cultural identity among university youth. The study employed the descriptive-analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. It was administered to a sample of 278 male and female students from the Faculty of Arts at University of Aden. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data and interpret the results. The main findings revealed that manifestations of family interaction were present at a high level, with an overall mean score of 2.339, a relative weight of 77.98%, and a standard deviation of 0.47. The results also indicated a high level of pride in the cultural identity of the society in which the youth live, with an overall mean score of 2.423, a relative weight of 80.75%, and a standard deviation of 0.39. In addition, the study found a highly positive effect of family interaction on enhancing cultural identity. The dimensions of family interaction that contribute to strengthening cultural identity were also found to be at a high level, with an overall mean score of 2.393, a relative weight of 79.77%, and a standard deviation of 0.55. The study recommended strengthening daily family dialogue between parents and children, encouraging families to pay greater attention to cultural practices such as language use and participation in cultural activities, and activating the role of universities in organizing cultural activities that reinforce cultural identity among youth, particularly in light of the influence of globalization.

THE CONTEXTS OF BIOGRAPHICAL TERMS IN CLASSICAL ARABIC POETRY: A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY

Mohammed Ahmed Eid Al-Maliki — 2026-06-30

Through this research, the researcher aimed to trace the vocabulary of biography and its meanings in the context of classical Arabic poetry, then conduct a descriptive and analytical study, focusing on the poetic style in which it appeared. The research consists of two chapters, and a conclusion. The research began with a chapter in which the researcher introduced the concept of biography and its related terms according to linguistic convention and established terminology. He also identified the sources of this research in the Quran, Sunnah, and collections of Arabic poetry. Then, he devoted a second chapter to discussing the contexts of biography terms in Arabic poetry, dividing it into five sections: the first, biography terms in the context of love poetry; the second, biography terms in the context of satire and invective; the third, biography terms in the context of praise; the fourth, biography terms in the context of elegies; and the fifth, biography terms in the context of describing battles. The research concluded with a number of findings, including the following:

Linguists meticulously meticulously established the rules governing the vocabulary of the word "sirr" (travel/path), from its spelling and diacritical marks to its conjugation, while also identifying its origins in authoritative Arabic sources.
The most frequently occurring word for "sirr" in the context of love poetry is "mashi" (walking) and its associated imagery, vividly portraying the woman's movements as she walks, including her coquettishness, swaying, and the details and nuances of her limb movements.
The wide variety of words for "sirr" in the context of insult and satire, including "sirr" and its derivatives, as well as "mashi" and its various forms, used to belittle and denigrate the subject of the satire.
The great diversity of biographical terms in the context of praise, including the word "al-sirr" (the journey) and its derivatives, as well as the various forms of "al-mashi" (walking), used to praise the person being praised, to boast of oneself or one's tribe, or to entreat the praised person.
The great diversity of biographical terms in the context of elegy, including the word "al-sirr" (the journey) and its derivatives, as well as the various forms of "al-mashi" (walking), used to lament the loss of a loved one or a calamity, and to depict the state of loss or the profound impact of the loss.
The great diversity of biographical terms in the context of describing battles, including the word "al-sirr" (the journey) and its derivatives, as well as the various forms of "al-mashi" (walking), used to describe the size of armies, their armament, the enemy's defeats, and the valor of the knights, both individually and collectively.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS (CASE STUDY: MIDDLE EAST)

Motaz yousef Almughanni — 2026-06-30

This study investigates the role of Digital training in the Telecommunication sector in middle east, and its influences to achieve employee social and environmental concerns. A conceptual model was developed to assess the influence of digital training content, trainer capability, transfer of learning. For this reason, this study followed an empirical analysis and developed a questionnaire to collect data from employees in Palestinian telecommunication company (jawwal). A total of 320 responses were analyzed. The importance of this study stems from the role of digital training in providing new knowledge and developing skills, not only in a theoretical way but also through viewing the actual experience of organizations. We will consider the extent to which these experiences are retained in the mind of the trainee for a period of time and how does theses skills and capabilities will affect the employee social and environmental concerns. The study concluded that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between digital training and employees' social and environmental concerns, with a correlation coefficient of (0.551) and a significance level of (Sig. = 0.000), which is below the authorized significance level (α ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the results showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) reached (0.442), indicating that digital training explains 44.2% of the variance in employees' social and environmental concerns.

REGIONAL EXTREMISM IN YEMEN AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL COHESION: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Khaled Ahmed Mohammed Alfqerya — 2026-06-30

This research addressed the importance of social peace in light of the sources of Islamic Sharia, due to its significant role in achieving stability and social cohesion within society. It also discussed the definition of extremism both linguistically and terminologically, clarified the concept of regionalism, and explained the meaning of regional extremism as one of the behaviors that threaten the unity and cohesion of society. The research further examined Islam’s position on regional extremism through Islamic texts and legal sources, demonstrating that Islam calls for unity and Islamic brotherhood, promotes the values of justice and fairness, and prohibits discrimination and division among members of society. It also highlighted the foundations upon which unity in Islam is based, namely Islamic brotherhood, the establishment of justice, and the rejection of tribalism and fanaticism that lead to division and conflict. Moreover, the study reviewed the effects of regionalism on social peace, discussing its social impacts such as the spread of hatred and hostility, the weakening of social bonds, and the loss of social justice. In addition, it addressed the security-related impacts that threaten social peace and destabilize public security, leading to internal conflicts and disputes that negatively affect the stability of society.

RHETORICAL ARGUMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN THE TEXTS OF CRIMINAL JUDICIAL DURING 1434 A.H IN SAUDI ARABIA

Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Al-Nuayri — 2026-06-30

The significance of this study lies in the scarcity of rhetorical studies addressing Saudi judicial rulings, the importance of establishing a connection between rhetoric and judicial discourse, and its contribution to both linguistic and legal scholarship. Accordingly, the study focuses on identifying the rhetorical argumentation techniques employed in the texts of the Collection of Criminal Judicial Rulings for the year 1434 AH in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and on examining the role of these techniques within judicial discourse in influencing and persuading the recipient, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the discourse and its attainment of the purposes for which it was produced. This is achieved through tracing the manifestation of rhetorical argumentation techniques in the study corpus, shedding light on the ways in which they are employed by the parties to argumentation within that judicial discourse, and subsequently elucidating the role they perform in persuading the recipient. Given its focus on the arguer's use of rhetorical argumentation techniques, the study adopts a pragmatic approach, as the nature of the investigation necessitates the examination of language in use. The study arrived at several findings, the most prominent of which are as follows:

The study corpus employs a considerable number of rhetorical argumentative premises, which serve as the foundational starting points upon which the rhetorical arguments presented in the discourse are constructed and supported.
A variety of rhetorical argumentation techniques were identified as manifested in the study corpus, as evidenced by their conspicuous presence throughout the discourse and the degree to which the arguer relies upon them.
The rhetorical techniques employed in the study corpus command broad acceptance and exert an effective influence on the persuasion process. This is affirmed by the arguer's reliance upon them to elicit acceptance and acquiescence, and equally reflects their significance to the recipient, whose disposition is taken into consideration in the selection of the most effective and persuasive techniques.

THE INSPIRATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN SAUDI DRAMATIC TEXTS: CONCEPTS, COMPONENTS, AND TRANSFORMATIONS

Abdullah Faisal Mohammed Aljuhani — 2026-06-30

This study examines the concept of dramatizing cultural heritage in Saudi theatre as both an artistic and cultural practice based on drawing upon heritage material and reshaping it within a dramatic structure capable of performance and interpretation. In this context, heritage is invoked in the dramatic text as an active cultural component that contributes to constructing the theatrical vision and producing meaning. The study seeks to define the concept of dramatization and its mechanisms by clarifying its relationship to the transformation of heritage materials into dramatic forms, along with the artistic procedures this process entails. The study also addresses the concept, nature, and impact of heritage on the formation of identity, regarding it as the accumulated body of tangible and intangible elements transmitted across time. Furthermore, it explores the concept of employment, its objectives, and its levels, focusing on the transition of heritage material from its referential presence to its aesthetic formation, semantic production, and cultural function within theatrical discourse. The study then examines the presence of heritage in Arab and Saudi theatre, highlighting the trajectory of the Saudi theatrical experience. The study concludes that the dramatization of heritage is founded on the reproduction of heritage within a modern dramatic discourse that combines cultural memory with the questions of contemporary reality. Thus, dramatization becomes an artistic and cultural mechanism that reveals the capacity of heritage for continuity and transformation, as well as the ability of the Saudi dramatic text to invest in identity-based cultural legacy.

A FULL MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF YEMENI MEDICAL LABORATORIES PARTICIPANTS AT UNIVERSITY OF LAHEJ

Mushtaq Saad Jawdat Saad — 2026-06-30

This study focused on the second-year students of bachelor’s degree Program, Department of Medical Laboratories, Radfan University College, University of Lahej, Yemen. The total number of the participants were 50 boys and girls. The descriptive analytical study used only one instrument of academic scientific research for collecting data, that was participants’ translation test. The main aim of this paper was to identify the main challenges and problems faced by the second level medical laboratories students in giving the full form abbreviation and its translation into Arabic. Medical abbreviations and their translation into Arabic are very important to get the creative translation and the proper meaning. The participants' translations and giving the full form of the English abbreviations shown that they are still facing some challenges and difficulties in remembering and writing the full meaning of the abbreviations and their creative translation because of their lack daily practice and focusing only on the abbreviation overlooking the words of these abbreviations and its Arabic translation. This study also revealed that, the second-year students of Medical Laboratories did not have a good background about abbreviations which are very important in the field of Medical Laboratories.

THE HAMZAH OF INFLECTION IN QURʾĀNIC ORTHOGRAPHY: MEDIAL AND FINAL POSITIONS

Gamil Mohammed Tarboosh Saeed — 2026-06-30

Inflectional vowels (ḥarakāt) are the original markers of grammatical inflection, while the inflectional letters (alif, wāw, and yāʾ), which are vocal extensions of the three short vowels, are the secondary markers. However, when the term “inflectional letter” is used, it is understood to mean the final letter that bears the inflectional vowel mark. In the Qur’anic script (rasm al-muṣḥaf), when the hamzah functions as the letter carrying the grammatical ending, its orthographic form sometimes changes. Its orthography then reflects its grammatical inflection by departing from the standard orthographic rules, which normally do not take into account the vowel of a word-final hamzah, since this position is where inflectional changes occur. The researcher has coined the term “Hamzat al-Iʿrāb” (the inflectional hamzah) and has chosen as the title of this study: “The Inflectional Hamzah in the Qur’anic Script in Medial and Final Positions.”. This study examines the relationship between the orthography of the hamzah and the grammatical case. The form of the medial hamzah changes when pronouns are attached, depending on its vowel, as in: abnāʾunā, abnāʾinā, and abnāʾanā (all meaning “our sons,”), indicating the nominative, genitive, or accusative cases respectively. This principle is consistently applied in the Qur’anic script except when the hamzah precedes the first-person singular possessive yāʾ (yāʾ al-mutakallim), where it omits the written form of the hamzah because, in some Qur’anic readings, it is also omitted in pronunciation. The standard orthography of the final hamzah depends on the vowel of the preceding letter so that a single word does not acquire a change when its grammatical case changes. However, certain words are written contrary to the standard rule by taking its own vowel into consideration. The researcher explains these by considering the grammatical case of the word, where the form of the hamzah itself serves as an indicator of inflection. Hence, the researcher designates it as “the inflectional hamzah.”

USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO MONITOR AND ANALYZE LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE LITTLE ADEN PENINSULA (AL-BURAIQA) 1982 - 2022 AD

Somaia Gamil Noman Yassen — 2026-06-30

This Research Aimed to Monitor and Analyze Land Cover Changes in the Little Aden Peninsula (Al-Buraiqa) 1982-2022 AD Using Satellite Visualization and Spatial Analysis Techniques, with the Aim of Determining Trends, Rates, and Spatial Patterns of Change, and Evaluating its Environmental and Developmental Implications in the Study Area. The Analytical Results of the Spatial Indicators Revealed that Human Influence - Represented by the Rates of Unplanned (Random) Urban Expansion, and the Intensive and Unjust Exploitation of Natural Resources, which Constitute the Most Influential Factor in Reshaping the Geographical Landscape of the Region, while Natural Variables Played a Supporting and Stimulating Role in these Structural Transformations. The Study Warns that the Continuation of these Rapid Change Trends without Urgent Planning Intervention will Inevitably Lead to Widespread Environmental and Economic Deterioration, which will Negatively Reflect on the Sustainability of Environmental and Biological Systems, Water Security, and the Health and Stability of the Local Community. Hence, there is an Urgent Need to Adopt Firm Environmental Policies and Innovative Planning Strategies, Supported by Comprehensive Recommendation Programs that Employ Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information Systems, as they Represent the Basic Foundation for Resource Management Governance, Achieving Sustainable Development, and Protecting Land Cover in the Study Area.

JURISPRUDENTIAL RULINGS PERTAINING TO THE BEDOUIN AND RURAL DWELLERS: A COMPARATIVE FIQH STUDY

Ali Hamad Al-Nashri — 2026-06-30

This research provides a comparative jurisprudential study defining the Bedouin and the Badiyah (nomadic desert regions), and examines the specific jurisprudential rulings (Aḥkām Fiqhiyyah) pertaining to them in matters of worship and other domains, as documented by Islamic jurists. The study is structured into an introduction, a preliminary section, two main sections, and a conclusion. The preliminary section defines the Bedouin and the Badiyah, explores related terminology, and discusses the ruling on residing in the Badiyah. The first section examines rulings related to Bedouins and the Badiyah concerning acts of worship. These include the rulings on the call to prayer (Adhan), Friday and Eid prayers in the Badiyah, the leadership (Imamah) of a Bedouin in prayer, and the time of sacrificial slaughter (Uḍḥiya) for nomadic inhabitants. The second section addresses non-worship rulings, including the rulings on: a townsman selling on behalf of a nomad (bay' al-hadir li'l-badi, a Bedouin woman in her waiting period ('iddah) traveling with her family, a Bedouin taking in a foundling (Laqi:tˤ), and the validity of a Bedouin's testimony against a town-dweller (Ḥaḍarī). The study concludes with several key findings, most notably: establishing that Bedouins and the inhabitants of the Badiyah are governed by distinct Sharia rulings; the undesirability of residing in the Badiyah, their exemption from Friday and Eid prayers, the prohibition of a town-dweller selling on behalf of a nomad (Bedouin), the permissibility of a Bedouin woman in her 'Iddah traveling with her family, and the legal admissibility of a Bedouin's testimony against a town-dweller.